• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for obtaining gypsum using a flue-gas desulfurization system (FGD). A gypsum suspension (6), which also contains fine materials such as active carbon particles or residual carbonate particles for example, accumulates in the scrubber (17) of a wet flue gas scrubber. The gypsum-containing suspension (6) is thickened by means of at least one hydrocyclone (1, 1'), and the thickened gypsum suspension (6) is discharged via the underflow (11, 11') of the hydrocyclone (1, 1'). According to the invention, water (5, 5', 15, 15') is fed to the hydrocyclone (1, 1') in addition to the gypsum suspension (6) via a dedicated feed line such that the content of fine material is thus reduced with respect to the suspension volume in the underflow (11, 11').
    公开号:AU2013218343A1
    申请号:U2013218343
    申请日:2013-02-08
    公开日:2014-08-21
    发明作者:Andreas Gruber-Waltl；Michael Kramer
    申请人:Andritz Energy and Environment GmbH；
    IPC主号:B04C5-18
    专利说明:
    WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 Method for reducing the content of fine material in FGD gypsum The subject of this invention is a method for the 5 recovery of gypsum with the aid of a flue gas desulfurization plant (FGD), a gypsum suspension, which also contains fine materials, such as, for example, activated charcoal particles or residual carbonate particles, occurring in the scrubber of the wet flue 10 gas scrub, and the gypsum-containing suspension being thickened by means of at least one hydrocyclone, and the thickened gypsum suspension being discharged via the underflow of the hydrocyclone. 15 Flue gas desulfurization is a method for the removal of sulfur compounds from the exhaust gases of, for example, power stations, garbage incineration plants or large engines. The sulfur compounds arise in this case as a result of the combustion of sulfurous, mostly 20 fossil fuels. The plants for flue gas desulferization are abbreviated to FGD (flue gas desulfurization plant). A flue gas desulfurization plant may also be used for the recovery of gypsum (FGD gypsum). This type of gypsum recovery has already been state of the art 25 for a long time. The wash suspension (gypsum suspension) employed in desulfurization is thickened by means of hydrocyclones according to the present-day state of the art and is 30 subsequently brought to the final dry content via band filters or a centrifuge. In the past, pre-dewatering in the cyclone only had to satisfy the requirement of adhering to the stipulated solid contents and to the stipulated mass flows of the solids. Accordingly, only 35 simple cyclones were used, which were enhanced to the required parameters by adapting the main dimensions (cyclone diameter and length), underflow nozzle diameter and immersion tube diameter and also process management (stipulation of the solid contents in the WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 -2 inflow, fixing the inflow/overflow differential pressure). There were no special requirements with regard to the separation of special fine material fractions. 5 The gypsum quality normally has to satisfy requirements as to degree of purity. The content of CaSO 4 *2H 2 0 should mostly not undershoot 95% (see, in this respect, also the instructions of EUROGYPSUM). These requirements 10 tend to become ever more stringent. For this reason, the set object is to seek an adapted method which makes it possible to influence the impurities (mostly fine materials) in the underflow to a greater extent than is the case with the plant circuits conventional today. 15 What are deemed impurities are, in particular, inerts, soot and residual carbonate, which may be introduced via the absorbent or else via fly ash. What these impurities have in common is that they are usually somewhat finer-grained than the gypsum formed. 20 Moreover, the idea has recently been to introduce a limit value for the load of mercury in FGD gypsum. This is important particularly with a view to the stabilization of mercury in the scrubber, because, in 25 current methods, mercury enrichment in the administered (adsorptive) fine-grained phase (for example, activated charcoal, described in EP2033702A1) is mostly observed. However, the enrichment of a particle fraction unavoidably leads to the increased mercury values in 30 the dewatered gypsum. If a precipitant is used instead of an adsorbent in order to stabilize the dissolved heavy metal (for example TMT15, see also EP2033702A1), this is 35 deposited, in particular, on the fine and finest fraction. Directed separation is not possible by means of a centrifugal purification assembly (hydrocyclone, centrifuge) .
    WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 -3 A hydrocyclone is composed, as a rule, of a cylindrical segment with a tangential inflow (inflow nozzle) and with a conical segment adjoining the latter and having the underflow nozzle or apex nozzle. The vortex finder 5 or the overflow nozzle projects in the form of an immersion tube axially into the interior of the cyclone from above. As a result of the tangential inflow into the 10 cylindrical segment, the liquid is forced along a circular path and flows downward in a downwardly directed vortex. The taper in the conical segment results in an inward displacement of volume and in a build-up in the lower region of the cone. This leads to 15 the formation of an inner upwardly directed vortex which is discharged through the overflow nozzle. The aim is the separation of the specifically heavier fraction (for example, solids) on the wall of the cyclone and therefore the discharge through the 20 underflow nozzle, while the specifically lighter fraction escapes through the overflow nozzle. The thickened stream discharged at the bottom is called the underflow and the upwardly discharged stream greatly freed of solids is designated as the overflow or top 25 flow. The designations "top" and "bottom" arise in the present description from the underflow (specifically heavier or coarser fraction) and from the overflow 30 (specifically lighter or finer fraction). However, the actual position of the hydrocyclone is to the greatest possible extent independent of this, thus even horizontally installed hydrocyclones can be used perfectly well. 35 The fundamental principle of the separating and grading effect of a hydrocyclone is described by the interaction of the centrifugal and flow forces. Whereas WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 -4 the centrifugal force acts to a greater extent on large particles of high density (coarse materials) and these are therefore separated outwardly to the cyclone wall, in the case of small particles, on account of their 5 higher specific surface, the force of the flow upon the particles (resistance force) is of major importance. The specifically heavier coarse fraction is enriched in the underflow and the fine-grained and/or light fraction is drawn off in the overflow. 10 It follows from this that very small particles (fine material fraction) cannot be significantly enriched or depleted (related to volume) by means of current hydrocyclones, because they behave in a similar way to 15 a solution. The division of the fine material fraction therefore mostly corresponds only to the volumetric split between the overflow and underflow. On account of the interrelationships mentioned for a 20 current hydrocyclone (or, in general, for a separation apparatus based on centrifugal force), the effective separation of a fine fraction from the underflow cannot be expected. Only an accumulation of coarse materials in the underflow in relation to volume is possible, 25 along with a depletion of the coarse materials in the overflow. When centrifugal force grading is carried out, therefore, a fraction of fine materials which 30 corresponds to the drawn-off volume always passes into the underflow. In the subsequent dewatering step, for example by means of band filters or centrifuges, these fine materials may no longer be separated even by means of a gypsum scrub. The gypsum dewatered in this way 35 will therefore no longer comply with the ever more stringent requirements.
    WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 -5 In order to reduce the disturbing fine material fractions in the underflow, it is possible, in principle, to use multistage cyclone circuits with intermediate dilution between the individual 5 hydrocyclones. However, these plants are complicated to install and sometimes cannot be implemented in terms of the water balance since the demand for diluting water is too high. 10 Hence, for all the uses mentioned, the set object is to separate an underflow which is as free as possible of fine material by means of centrifugal force separation, whereby the plant should have as simple a set-up as possible. 15 This object is achieved by means of a method for the recovery of gypsum, in which water is supplied to the centrifugal force separator (hydrocyclone, centrifuge or the like) via a dedicated supply line in addition to 20 the gypsum suspension, thereby resulting in fine material depletion, in relation to the suspension volume, in the underflow. Depletion may take place specifically (by the 25 displacement of the continuous phase or by the introduction of a separating layer for coarse/fine materials) or nonspecifically by the metering of diluting water in the cyclone. 30 The pre-dewatering of the gypsum suspension therefore takes place in such a way that only cyclones are used which bring about a reduction (depletion) of the fine materials in the underflow (in relation to the content of fine material in the inflow). 35 Depletion of the fine material fraction in the underflow may take place in the simplest way by means of simple intermediate dilution within a cyclone or by WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 -6 the displacement of the liquid phase in the underflow as a result of directed metering of a stream of washing water. WO 2010/089309 Al speaks in this respect of countercurrent grading. However, intermediate dilution 5 must take place by means of a fluid stream which does not contain the problematic fraction. It is also advantageous if the hydrocyclone has a cylindrical inflow region and a conical region, and if 10 the water is administered in the inflow region or in the conical region of the hydrocyclone as a barrier water stream to form a barrier water layer. The additional administration of this barrier water 15 stream causes the introduction into the cyclone of a pure sedimentation layer, by means of which the heavy particles are separated, but fine fractions (fine materials) remain predominantly in the core flow. The barrier water flow in this case surrounds the gypsum 20 suspension in the form of a ring. The fine material or the fine grain are therefore depleted in the underflow with respect to the volume-related concentration in the inflow. As a result, a heavy particle fraction which has a 25 markedly reduced fine particle fraction is obtained in the underflow. Preferably, the barrier water layer and the gypsum suspension are separated from one another by a cylindrical or conical lamella arranged in the 30 cylindrical segment or in the conical region. It is beneficial if the barrier water layer and the gypsum suspension are led further on together in the hydrocyclone as soon as the barrier water flow and 35 gypsum suspension flow have become essentially stable (no longer any minor intermixing).
    WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 -7 Preferably, the water is supplied to the hydrocyclone tangentially. Thus, for example, a stable circular barrier water flow can be formed inside the cyclone. 5 It is also conceivable that the gypsum-containing suspension is thickened by means of two or more hydrocyclones connected in series, water being supplied to the hydrocyclones in each case via a dedicated supply line, thereby resulting in fine material 10 depletion in the underflow in relation to the inflow to the first stage. Moreover, in multistage versions, dilution between the cyclone stages is beneficial. Two exemplary embodiments of the method according to 15 the invention are described below by means of four drawings in which: fig. 1 shows a method diagram for a possible exemplary embodiment of the method according to the 20 invention; fig. 2 shows a method diagram for a further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention; 25 fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a hydrocyclone suitable for the method according to the invention; 30 fig. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a hydrocyclone suitable for the method according to the invention. The same reference symbols in the respective drawings 35 designate in each case the same components. Figure 1 illustrates a possible method diagram for the method according to the invention for gypsum recovery.
    WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 -8 The gypsum suspension 6 in this case occurs in a way known per se in the scrubber 17 of a flue gas desulfurization plant (FGD). The gypsum suspension 6 is thickened with the aid of a hydrocyclone 1. For this 5 purpose, the gypsum suspension 6 is supplied to the hydrocyclone 1 via a tangential inflow 4. The hydrocyclone 1 is composed of a cylindrical inflow region 2 and of a conical region 3. The thickened gypsum suspension 6 is extracted from the hydrocyclone 10 via the underflow 11. The specifically lighter fraction, predominately water, but also fine materials, is discharged as the overflow 12. The overflow 12 is then supplied to a wastewater cyclone 18 and is likewise divided there in a known way into the 15 underflow 20 and overflow 21. The underflow 20 can then be supplied to the flue gas desulfurization plant again, and the overflow 21 is usually supplied to a wastewater treatment plant. The thickened gypsum suspension 6 from the underflow 11 20 is supplied to further dewatering assemblies or drying assemblies, such as, for example, a belt drier 19. For the depletion of the fine materials in the underflow 11, water (5, 15) is supplied to the hydrocyclone 1. This may be a supply of a barrier water 25 stream 5 in the inflow region 2 of the hydrocyclone 1 (see fig. 3) or else a supply of diluting water 15 in the conical region 3 or in the region of the underflow 11 (see fig. 4). The fine materials may be, for example, activated charcoal particles, which are 30 often laden with mercury, or else residual carbonate particles, inerts or fly ash. In figure 2, to thicken the gypsum suspension 6, two hydrocyclones 1, l' are connected in series. The 35 underflow 11 from the first hydrocyclone 1 in this case forms the inflow to the second hydrocyclone 1'. The second hydrocyclone l' likewise has a cylindrical inflow region 2', a conical region 3' and likewise a WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 -9 water supply 5' and/or 15'. The thickened gypsum suspension 6 from the underflow 11' of the second hydrocyclone l' is then supplied to a belt drier 19. The overflow 12' of the second hydrocyclone l' may be 5 combined with the overflow 21 of the wastewater cyclone 18. Between the two hydrocyclones 1 and 1', diluting water 22 may optionally be supplied for intermediate dilution. 10 Figure 3 illustrates by way of example an embodiment of a hydrocyclone 1 or l' which is suitable for the method according to the invention. It is composed of a cylindrical inflow region 2 and of a conical region 3 adjoining the latter. The gypsum suspension 6 is 15 supplied to the hydrocyclone 1 via the tangential inflow 4. The conical region 3 has an underflow nozzle 8 for discharging the underflow 11, that is to say the thickened gypsum suspension 6. The specifically lighter fraction, that is to say the overflow 12, can 20 be discharged through the overflow nozzle 9 which projects in the form of an immersion tube axially into the interior of the hydrocyclone 1. In addition to the tangential inflow 4, the 25 hydrocyclone 1 also has a further inflow for a barrier water stream 5 which here is likewise supplied tangentially to the cylindrical segment 2. In figure 3, it runs parallel to the tangential inflow 4 and is therefore concealed by this. The barrier water layer 7 30 and the gypsum suspension 6 are supplied separately to the hydrocyclone 1 and are separated from one another by the lamella 10. The lamella 10 is, for example, a cylindrical thin-walled component made from metal. The pure barrier water layer 7 meets the actual gypsum 35 suspension 6 at the lower end 13 of the lamella 10. This takes place as soon as the flows of barrier water 7 and gypsum suspension 6 have become stable. The mouth orifice 14 of the overflow nozzle 9 ends here, WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 - 10 for example, in the region below the end 13 of the lamella 10. After the two volumetric flows 7, 6 have been combined, 5 a settling movement of heavy particles (gypsum) through the barrier layer 7 commences. This results in a depletion of the fine materials in the underflow 11. Flow routing in the conical segment 3 takes place as in conventional hydrocyclones. 10 The flow arrows indicate that the barrier water flow 7 and the gypsum suspension 6 are intermixed with one another as little as possible. The barrier water flow 7 therefore forms with respect to the wall of the conical 15 segment 3 a barrier water layer 7. Optionally, washing or diluting water may additionally be introduced in the conical segment 3 or in the underflow region, and as result of this the volume 20 related fraction of the fine materials in the underflow 11 can be further reduced. It is also conceivable to introduce a water stream to feed the vortex in order to prevent coarse material particles from being swirled up again. 25 Figure 4 illustrates a further hydrocyclone 1 or l' which is likewise suitable for implementing the method according to the invention. This hydrocyclone 1 has a cylindrical inflow region 2, a conical region 3, an 30 underflow nozzle 8 for discharging the underflow 11 and an overflow nozzle 9 for discharging the overflow 12. In this hydrocyclone 1, diluting water 15 is supplied in the conical region 3 or in the underflow region, specifically via the water distributor 16, by means of 35 which the diluting water 15 is supplied tangentially to the gypsum suspension 6. The directed supply of the diluting water 15 by the water distributor 16 causes the crosscurrent grading given in hydrocyclone 1 to be WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 - 11 superposed with a countercurrent grading. In this case, a radial flow directed toward the center is generated in the centrifugal field of the hydrocyclone 1 by the diluting water 15. This directed diluting water 5 addition 15 results in a reduction of fine material (fine grain) in the underflow 11. The water distributor 16 comprises, for example, a multiplicity of bores which issue in the form of a ring into the conical region 3 or into the region of the underflow nozzle 8 10 and which thus mix the diluting water 15 into the gypsum suspension 6 in a uniform distribution over the outer wall of the hydrocyclone 1. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings constitute 15 merely a preferred version of the invention. The invention also embraces other embodiments in which, for example, a plurality of further inflows for the barrier water 5, 5' or for the diluting water 15, 15' are provided.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1] 1. A method for the recovery of gypsum with the aid of a flue gas desulfurization plant, a gypsum 5 suspension (6), which also contains fine materials, such as, for example, activated charcoal particles or residual carbonate particles, occurring in the scrubber (17) of a wet flue gas scrub, and the gypsum-containing suspension (6) being thickened by means of at least one 10 hydrocyclone (1, l'), and the thickened gypsum suspension (11) being discharged via the underflow (8) of the hydrocyclone (1, l'), characterized in that water (5, 5', 15, 15') is supplied to the hydrocyclone (1, l') via a dedicated supply line in 15 addition to the gypsum suspension (6), thereby resulting in fine material depletion in relation to the suspension volume in the underflow (11, 11').
    [2] 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in 20 that the hydrocyclone (1, l') has a cylindrical inflow region (2, 2' ) and a conical region (3, 3' ) , and in that the water (15, 15') is supplied in the conical region (3, 3') or in the region of the underflow nozzle (8) as diluting water (15, 15') for the 25 intermediate dilution of the gypsum suspension (6).
    [3] 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the hydrocyclone (1, l') has only one conical region (3, 3' ) , and in that the water (15, 15') is 30 supplied in the conical region (3, 3') or in the region of the underflow nozzle (8) as diluting water (15, 15') for the intermediate dilution of the gypsum suspension (6). 35
    [4] 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydrocyclone (1, l') has a cylindrical inflow region (2, 2') and a conical region (3, 3'), and in that the water (5, 5', 15, 15') WO 2013/117341 PCT/EP2013/000379 - 13 is administered in the inflow region (2, 2') or in the conical region (3, 3') of the hydrocyclone (1, l') as a barrier water stream (5, 5') to form a barrier water layer (7). 5
    [5] 5. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the hydrocyclone (1, l') has only one conical region (3, 3'), and in that the water (5, 5', 15, 15') is administered in the inlet region or in 10 the conical region (3, 3') of the hydrocyclone (1, l') as a barrier water stream (5, 5') to form a barrier water layer (7).
    [6] 6. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, 15 characterized in that the barrier water stream (7) and the gypsum suspension (6) are separated in the hydrocyclone by a lamella (10) until the barrier water flow (7) and gypsum suspension flow (6) have become essentially stable. 20
    [7] 7. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the water (5, 5', 15, 15') is supplied to the hydrocyclone (1, l') tangentially. 25
    [8] 8. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gypsum-containing suspension (6) is thickened by means of two or more hydrocyclones (1, l') connected in series, water (5, 5', 15, 15') being supplied to the hydrocyclones (1, l') in each 30 case via a dedicated supply line, thereby resulting in fine material depletion in relation to the suspension volume in the respective underflow (11, 11').
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT512479A1|2013-08-15|
    KR101688712B1|2016-12-21|
    RU2592593C2|2016-07-27|
    RU2014132205A|2016-04-10|
    SI2812122T1|2016-03-31|
    EP2812122A1|2014-12-17|
    CA2863996C|2019-07-09|
    CA2863996A1|2013-08-15|
    ZA201405996B|2016-06-29|
    AR089942A1|2014-10-01|
    KR20140133560A|2014-11-19|
    AT512479B1|2013-11-15|
    CN104093495A|2014-10-08|
    PL2812122T3|2016-05-31|
    AU2013218343C1|2017-05-25|
    WO2013117341A1|2013-08-15|
    CL2014002075A1|2014-12-05|
    US20150041374A1|2015-02-12|
    IN2014DN07523A|2015-04-24|
    US9139449B2|2015-09-22|
    JP2015513446A|2015-05-14|
    EP2812122B1|2015-12-02|
    CN104093495B|2016-06-08|
    AU2013218343B2|2017-01-05|
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    法律状态:
    2015-07-09| PC1| Assignment before grant (sect. 113)|Owner name: ANDRITZ AG Free format text: FORMER APPLICANT(S): ANDRITZ ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT GMBH |
    2017-03-02| DA2| Applications for amendment section 104|Free format text: THE NATURE OF THE AMENDMENT IS AS SHOWN IN THE STATEMENT(S) FILED 24 JAN 2017 |
    2017-05-25| DA3| Amendments made section 104|Free format text: THE NATURE OF THE AMENDMENT IS AS SHOWN IN THE STATEMENT(S) FILED 24 JAN 2017 |
    2017-06-01| FGA| Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA176/2012||2012-02-10||
    ATA176/2012A|AT512479B1|2012-02-10|2012-02-10|PROCESS FOR FINE-REDUCTION IN THE REA-GIPS|
    PCT/EP2013/000379|WO2013117341A1|2012-02-10|2013-02-08|Method for reducing the content of fine material in fgd gypsum|
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